Scaling theory in Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid with $1/r^β$ type long-range interactions

Abstract

We discuss effects of $1/r^β$ type long-range (LR) interactions in a tight-binding model by utilizing the bosonization technique, renormalization group and conformal field theory (CFT). We obtain the low energy action known for Kibble's model which generates the mass gap in 3 dimension when $β=1$, the Coulomb force case. In one dimension, the dispersion relations predict that the system remains gapless even for $β=1$ and the existences of Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) when $β> 1$. When $β=1$, the LR interactions break TLL in the long wavelength limits, even if the strength is very small. We make the more precise arguments from the stand point of the renormalization group and CFT. Finally we derive the accurate finite size scaling of energies and thermodynamics. Moreover we proceed to numerical calculations, considering the LR umklapp process terms. We conclude that the TLL phase become wider in the strength space of interactions as the power $β$ approaches to 1.