Local vortex nucleation and the surface mode spectrum of large condensates
Abstract
A combination of analytical and numerical approaches obtains the complete dispersion curve for surface excitations in a condensate held in a plane linear potential. This improvement on previous approximate results yields an accurate formula for the local Landau critical velocity for vortex nucleation at the surface of a sufficiently large condensate, which agrees very well with recent experiments. The dispersion curve for surface modes at a hard wall potential is also presented, for contrast.
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