Fractional Klein-Kramers equation for superdiffusive transport: normal versus anomalous time evolution in a differential L{\'e}vy walk model

Abstract

We introduce a fractional Klein-Kramers equation which describes sub-ballistic superdiffusion in phase space in the presence of a space-dependent external force field. This equation defines the differential L{\'e}vy walk model whose solution is shown to be non-negative. In the velocity coordinate, the probability density relaxes in Mittag-Leffler fashion towards the Maxwell distribution whereas in the space coordinate, no stationary solution exists and the temporal evolution of moments exhibits a competition between Brownian and anomalous contributions.