Wannier functions analysis of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a periodic potential

Abstract

In the present Letter we use the Wannier function basis to construct lattice approximations of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a periodic potential. We show that the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a periodic potential is equivalent to a vector lattice with long-range interactions. For the case-example of the cosine potential we study the validity of the so-called tight-binding approximation i.e., the approximation when nearest neighbor interactions are dominant. The results are relevant to Bose-Einstein condensate theory as well as to other physical systems like, for example, electromagnetic wave propagation in nonlinear photonic crystals.