Fractional charge in electron clusters: Interpretation of Mani and von Klitzing quantum Hall effect data

Abstract

The charge of an electron in a cluster of n electrons is not ne but it is a fraction. We make many different clusters and calculate their charge per electron. We make 84 clusters and calculate the charge of an electron in these clusters. All of the 84 calculated values are exactly the same as found in the experimental measurements. The formulation is so good that all fractional charges if and when measured can be reduced to ${\it l}$ and $s$ values where the denominator in the fractional charge is simply 2{\it l}+1.