Depletion forces in non-equilibrium
J. Dzubiella, H. Lowen, C. N. Likos
Abstract
The concept of effective depletion forces between two fixed big colloidal particles in a bath of small particles is generalized to a non-equilibrium situation where the bath of small Brownian particles is flowing around the big particles with a prescribed velocity. In striking contrast to the equilibrium case, the non-equilibrium forces violate Newton's third law, are non-conservative and strongly anisotropic, featuring both strong attractive and repulsive domains.
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