New Magnetic-Field-Induced Macroscopic Quantum Phenomenon in High-$T_c$ Cuprates: Confined Field-Induced Density Waves in the Superconducting State

Abstract

We reveal a novel macroscopic quantum phenomenon induced by a magnetic field. It corresponds to the {\it non-integer quantization of the superfluid density} in a superconductor with gap nodes due to the generation of confined field-induced density waves (CFIDW) over a portion of the Fermi surface (FS). The Landau numbers $L$ are not sufficient to index these macroscopic quantum states and new quanrum numbers $ζ$ must be added. Distinct qualitative implications of this $|L,ζ>$ quantization are evident in a number of puzzling experiments in high-$T_c$ cuprates including the plateaus behavior in the field profile of thermal conductivity, field induced magnetic moments, charge textures around the vortices, and field induced vortex-solid to cascade vortex glass transitions.