Superconductors with broken time-reversal symmetry: Spontaneous magnetization and quantum Hall effects

Abstract

Broken time reversal symmetry (BTRS) in d+id' as well as in d+is superconductors is studied and is shown to yield current carrying surface states. We evaluate the temperature and thickness dependence of the resulting spontaneous magnetization and show a marked difference between weak and strong BTRS. We also derive the Hall conductance which vanishes at zero wavevector q and finite frequency w, however at finite q,w it has an unusual structure. The chirality of the surface states leads to quantum Hall effects for spin and heat transport in d+id' superconductors.