Structural and magnetic properties of transition metal substituted ZnO
Abstract
Structural and magnetic properties have been studied for polycrystalline Zn1-xTMxO, where TM (transition metal ions) = Mn, Fe, and Co. No bulk ferromagnetism was observed for single-phase materials, contrary to the existing theories. Single-phase samples demonstrate paramagnetic Curie-Weiss behavior with antiferromagnetic interactions, similar to other diluted magnetic semiconductors. Non-optimal synthesis conditions lead to formation of second phases that are responsible for spin-glass behavior (ZnMnO3 impurity for Zn1-xMnxO (S. Kolesnik et al., J. Supercond.: Incorp. Novel Magn. 15, 251 (2002)) or high-temperature ferromagnetic ordering (Co metal for Zn1-xCoxO with the Curie temperature TC > 800 K or (Zn,Fe)3O4 for Zn1-xFexO with TC = 440 K).
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