Mathematical structure derived from the q-multinomial coefficient in Tsallis statistics

Abstract

We present the conclusive mathematical structure behind Tsallis statistics. We obtain mainly the following five theoretical results: (i) the one-to-one correspondence between the q-multinomial coefficient and Tsallis entropy, (ii) symmetry behind Tsallis statistics, (iii) the numerical computations revealing the existence of the central limit theorem in Tsallis statistics, (iv) Pascal's triangle in Tsallis statistics and its properties, (v) the self-similarity of the q-product $\otimes_{q}$ leading to successful applications in Tsallis statistics. In particular, the third result (iii) provides us with a mathematical representation of a convincible answer to the physical problem: "Why so many power-law behaviors exist in nature universally ?"