Stochastic series expansion algorithm for the S=1/2 XY model with four-site ring exchange

Abstract

We describe a stochastic series expansion (SSE) quantum Monte Carlo method for a two-dimensional S=1/2 XY-model (or, equivalently, hard-core bosons at half-filling) which in addition to the standard pair interaction J includes a four-particle term K that flips spins on a square plaquette. The model has three ordered ground state phases; for K/J<8 it has long-range xy spin order (superfluid bosons), for K/J>15 it has staggered spin order in the z direction (charge-density-wave), and between these phases it is in a state with columnar order in the bond and plaquette energy densities. We discuss an implementation of directed-loop updates for the SSE simulations of this model and also introduce a "multi-branch" cluster update which significantly reduces the autocorrelation times for large K/J. In addition to the pure J-K model, which in the z basis has only off-diagonal terms, we also discuss modifications of the algorithm needed when various diagonal interactions are included.