Density pattern in supercritical flow of liquid He-4
Abstract
A density functional theory is used to investigate the instability arising in superfluid 4He as it flows at velocity u just above the Landau critical velocity of rotons vc. Confirming an early theoretical prediction by one of us [JETP Lett. 39, 511 (1984)], we find that a stationary periodic modulation of the density occurs, with amplitude proportional to (u-vc)1/2 and wave vector equal to the roton wave vector. This density pattern is studied for supercritical flow both in bulk helium and in a channel of nanometer cross-section.
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