Zoo of quantum phases and excitations of cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices
Abstract
Quantum phases and phase transitions of weakly- to strongly-interacting bosonic atoms in deep to shallow optical lattices are described by a single multi-orbital mean-field approach in real space. For weakly-interacting bosons in 1D, the critical value of the superfluid to Mott insulator (MI) transition found is in excellent agreement with many-body treatments of the Bose-Hubbard model. For strongly-interacting bosons, (i) additional MI phases appear, for which two (or more) atoms residing in each site undergo a Tonks-Girardeau-like transition and localize and (ii) on-site excitation becomes the excitation lowest in energy. Experimental implications are discussed.
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