Dynamics of Nonground-State Bose-Einstein Condensates

Abstract

Dilute Bose gases, cooled down to low temperatures below the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature, form coherent ensembles described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Stationary solutions to the latter are topological coherent modes. The ground state, corresponding to the lowest energy level, defines the standard Bose-Einstein condensate, while the states with higher energy levels represent nonground-state condensates. The higher modes can be generated by alternating fields, whose frequencies are in resonance with the associated transition frequencies. The condensate with topological coherent modes exhibits a variety of nontrivial effects. Here it is demonstrated that the dynamical transition between the mode-locked and mode-unlocked regimes is accompanied by noticeable changes in the evolutional entanglement production.