Non-universal suppression of the excitation gap in chaotic Andreev billiards: Superconducting terminals as sensitive probes for scarred states

Abstract

When a quantum-chaotic normal conductor is coupled to a superconductor, random-matrix theory predicts that a gap opens up in the excitation spectrum which is of universal size $E_g^{\rm RMT}\approx 0.3 \hbar/t_D$, where $t_D$ is the mean scattering time between Andreev reflections. We show that a scarred state of long lifetime $t_S\gg t_D$ suppresses the excitation gap over a window $ΔE\approx 2 E_g^{\rm RMT}$ which can be much larger than the narrow resonance width $Γ_S=\hbar/t_S$ of the scar in the normal system. The minimal value of the excitation gap within this window is given by $Γ_S/2\ll E_g^{\rm RMT}$. Hence the scarred state can be detected over a much larger energy range than it is the case when the superconducting terminal is replaced by a normal one.