Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Superfluid Helium-4
Abstract
We derive an analytical expression for a critical temperature of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a repulsive hard-core interacting Bose system. We show that the critical temperature of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a hard-core interacting Bose system is determined by the three physical parameters: the density of Bose liquid at absolute zero (rho0), the mass (m) and the hard sphere diameter (sigma) of a boson. The formula that we have derived is Tc = rho0 pi hbar2 sigma / m2 kB. We report Tc of liquid helium-4 is 2.194 K, which is significantly close to the lambda temperature of 2.1768 K. The deviation between the predicted and experimental values of the lambda temperature is less than 1%.
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