Gravity as a Key Problem of the Millenium

Abstract

Gravitation as a fundamental interaction that governs all phenomena at large and very small scales, but still not well understood at a quantum level, is a missing cardinal link to unification of all physical interactions. Problems of the absolute G measurements and its possible time and range variations are reflections of the unification problem. Integrable multidimensional models of gravitation and cosmology make up one of the proper approaches to study basic issues and strong field objects, the Early Universe and black hole physics in particular. The choice, nature, classification and precision of determination of fundamental physical constants are described. The problem of their temporal variations is also discussed, temporal and range variations of G in particular. A need for further absolute measurements of G, its possible range and time variations is pointed out. The novel multipurpose space project SEE, aimed for measuring G and its stability in space and time 3-4 orders better than at present, may answer many important questions posed by gravitation, cosmology and unified theories.