Exploring Large-scale Gravitational Quantization without h-bar in Planetary Systems, Galaxies, and the Universe

Abstract

We explore a theory of large-scale gravitational quantization, using the general relativistic Hamilton-Jacobi equation to create quantization conditions via a new scalar wave equation dependent upon the total mass and the total vector angular momentum only. Instead of h-bar, a local invariant quantity proportional to the total angular momentum dictates the quantization conditions. In the Schwarzschild metric the theory predicts eigenstates with quantized energy per mass and angular momentum per mass. We find excellent agreement to the orbital spacings of the satellites of the Jovian planets and to the planet spacings in the Solar System. For galaxies we derive the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation and the MOND acceleration, so galaxy velocity curves are explained without requiring 'dark matter'. For the universe, we derive a new Hubble relation that accounts for the accelerated expansion with a matter density at about 5% of the critical matter/energy density, with the remainder being large-scale quantization zero-point energy. A possible laboratory test is proposed.