Black Holes and Wormholes in 2+1 Dimensions
Abstract
Vacuum Einstein theory in three spacetime dimensions is locally trivial, but admits many solutions that are globally different, particularly if there is a negative cosmological constant. The classical theory of such locally "anti-de Sitter" spaces is treated in an elementary way, using visualizable models. Among the objects discussed are black holes, spaces with multiple black holes, their horizon structure, closed universes, and the topologies that are possible.
0
Turn this paper into a full lesson
ArcXiv compiles a staged curriculum from this paper: 8-12 lessons across beginner → advanced, synthesised section guides, visuals, flashcards, a quiz, exercises, and on-demand deep dives per section. Grounded in the abstract, never invented.