Self-Screening Hawking Atmosphere in the Presence of a Bulk Viscosity
Abstract
The recent theory of 't Hooft [ Nucl. Phys. Suppl. 68, 174 (1998)] models the black hole as a system endowed with an envelope of matter that obeys an equation of state in the form p=(γ -1), and acts as a source in Einstein's equations. The present paper generalizes the 't Hooft theory so as to take into account a bulk viscosity ζ in the fluid. It is shown that even a slight positive value of ζ will suffice to yield complete agreement with the Hawking formula for the entropy of the black hole, if the value of the constant γ takes a value that is slightly less than 4/3. The value γ=4/3 corresponds to a radiation fluid.
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