String breaking mechanisms induced by magnetic and electric condensates
Abstract
The normal confining phase of gauge theories is characterised by the condensation of magnetic monopoles and center vortices. Sometimes in coupled gauge system one finds another phase with simultaneous condensation of electric and magnetic charges. In both phases the confining string breaks down at a given scale because of pair creation, however the mechanism is different. In the former case the string breaking is a mixing phenomenon which is invisible in the Wilson loop. On the contrary, in presence of both electric and magnetic condensates the string breaking can be observed even in the Wilson loops. Numerical experiments on a 3D Z2 gauge-Higgs system neatly show this new phenomenon.
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