Detecting Dual Superconductivity in the Ground State of Gauge Theory
Abstract
We explicitly construct a monopole creation operator: its vacuum expectation value is an order parameter for dual superconductivity, in that, if different from zero, it signals a spontaneous breaking of the U(1) symmetry corresponding to monopole charge conservation. This operator is tested by numerical simulations in compact U(1) gauge theory. Our construction provides a general recipe for detection of the condensation of any topological soliton. In particular our operator can be used to detect dual superconductivity of the QCD vacuum.
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