Solving QCD Hamiltonian for Bound States

Abstract

We consider the eigenstate problem for a Hamiltonian operator of the field theory. Methods of construction the effective field theoretical Hamiltonians for which the eigenstate problem may be solved are discussed. In particular, we discuss the method of flow equations from a general perspective as well as in application to the gauge field theories. Flow equations transform the Hamiltonian to a block-diagonal form with the number of particles conserved in each block and thus reduce the original bound state problem to a set of coupled eigenstate equations with an effective Hamiltonian in each sector. Applications of flow equations to the Hamiltonians of QED and QCD in the light-front gauge and the QCD Hamiltonian in the Coulomb gauge are considered. Using flow equations, we derive the effective Hamiltonians as well as the renormalized gap equations and the Bethe-Salpeter equations for the bound states in these theories. We show that the obtained equations are finite in both UV and IR regions and are completely renormalized in UV, i.e. the corresponding solutions do not depend on the cut-off $\Lambda$. We calculate positronium spectrum, glueball masses, $\pi-\rho$ mass splitting, gluon and chiral quark condensates and compare our results with the covariant calculations and experimental results. Use of flow equations to calculate the dynamical terms is critical to achive good agreement with experimental results.