Exact Multiparticle Amplitudes at Threshold in $\phi^4$ Theories with Softly Broken $O(\infty)$ Symmetry

Abstract

We consider the problem of multiparticle production at threshold in a $\phi^4$-theory with an $O(N_1$$+$$N_2)$ symmetry softly broken down to $O(N_1)\times O(N_2)$ by nonequal masses. We derive the set of recurrence relations between the multiparticle amplitudes which sums all relevant diagrams with arbitrary number of loops in the large-$N$ limit with fixed number of produced particles. We transform it into a quantum mechanical problem and show how it can be obtained directly from the operator equations of motion by applying the factorization at large $N$. We find the exact solutions to the problem by using the Gelfand--Diki\u{\i} representation of the diagonal resolvent of the Schr\"{o}dinger operator. The result coincides with the tree amplitudes while the effect of loops is the renormalization of the coupling constant and masses. The form of the solution is due to the fact that the exact amplitude of the process $2$$\ra$$n$ vanishes at $n$$>$$2$ on mass shell when averaged over the $O(N_{1,2})$-indices of incoming particles. We discuss what dynamical symmetry is behind this property. We also give an exact solution in the large-$N$ limit for the model of the $O(N)$$+$$singlet$ scalar particle with the spontaneous breaking of a reflection symmetry.