Cool Pions move at less than the speed of light
Robert D. Pisarski, Michel Tytgat
Abstract
At nonzero temperature, pions propagate through a thermal medium at less than the speed of light. About low temperature, this effect begins not at T2, but at next to leading order, T4. We also derive the generalization of the relation of Gell-Mann, Oakes, and Renner to nonzero temperature.
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