The lightest scalar glueball

Abstract

Recently performed investigations of meson spectra allow us to determine the resonance structure for the waves $IJ^{PC}=00^{++}$, $10^{++}$, $02^{++}$, $12^{++}$ = $IJ^P= 1/2 0^+$ in the mass region up to 1900 MeV, thus establishing the meson multiplets $1^3P_0q\bar q$ and $2^3P_0q\bar q$. Experimental data demonstrate that there are five scalar/isoscalar states in this mass region. Four of them are $q\bar q$ states, that is, members of the $1^3P_0q\bar q$ and $2^3P_0q\bar q$ nonets, while the fifth state is an extra one not accomodated by $q \bar q$ systematics; it has the properties of the lightest scalar glueball. Analysis of the $00^{++}$-wave performed within the framework of the dispersion relation technique allows us to reconstruct the mixing of a pure gluonium with neighbouring scalar $q \bar q$ states belonging to $1^3P_0q\bar q$ and $2^3P_0q\bar q$ nonets: three scalar mesons share the gluonium state between each other -- those are two comparatively narrow resonances $f_0(1300)$ and $f_0(1500)$ and a broad resonance $f_0(1530^{+90}_{-250})$. The broad state is a descendant of the gluonium, keeping about 40-50% of its component.