One-particle and collective electron spectra in hot and dense QED and their gauge dependence

Abstract

The one-particle electron spectrum is found for hot and dense QED and its properties are investigated in comparison with the collective spectrum. It is shown that the one-particle spectrum (in any case its zero momentum limit) is gauge invariant, but the collective spectrum, being qualitatively different, is always gauge dependent. The exception is the case $m,\mu=0$ for which the collective spectrum long wavelength limit demonstrates the gauge invariance as well.