Effective theory for the soft fluctuation modes in the spontaneously broken phase of the N-component scalar field theory

Abstract

The effective dynamics of the low-frequency modes is derived for the O(N) symmetric scalar field theory in the broken symmetry phase. The effect of the high-frequency fluctuations is taken into account at one-loop level exactly. A new length scale is shown to govern the long-time asymptotics of the linear response function of the Goldstone modes. The large time asymptotic decay of an arbitrary fluctuation is determined in the linear regime. We propose a set of local equations for the numerical solution of the effective non-linear dynamics. The applicability of the usual gradient expansion is carefully assessed.