Second and first order phase transition in three dimension Gross-Neveu model

Abstract

Symmetry restoring phase transitions in three dimension Gross-Neveu model are shown to be second order at finite temperature $T$ and first order at T=0 and finite chemical potential $μ$ by critical analysis of the dynamical fermion mass based on the gap equation. The latter is further verified by effective potential analysis. The resulting tricritical point is $(T,μ)=(0,m(0))$, where $m(0)$ is the dynamical fermion mass at $T=μ=0$. Physical difference between the above second and first order phase transition is illustrated by means of variations of thermodynamical particle density.