Exact path integral of the hydrogen atom and the Jacobi's principle of least action

Abstract

The general treatment of a separable Hamiltonian of Liouville-type is well-known in operator formalism. A path integral counterpart is formulated if one starts with the Jacobi's principle of least action, and a path integral evaluation of the Green's function for the hydrogen atom by Duru and Kleinert is recognized as a special case. The Jacobi's principle of least action for given energy is reparametrization invariant, and the separation of variables in operator formalism corresponds to a choice of gauge in path integral. The Green's function is shown to be gauge independent,if the operator ordering is properly taken into account. These properties are illustrated by evaluating an exact path integral of the Green's function for the hydrogen atom in parabolic coordinates.