3D van der Waals sigma-model and topological excitations with logarithmic energy
Abstract
The 3D vector van der Waals (or conformal) nonlinear sigma-model is proposed. It is shown that it has the "hedgehog"-like topological excitations with logarithmic energy. Their "neutral" configurations have nontrivial topological structures described by Hopf invariant. A possible influence of these excitations on the properties of the model are discussed.
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