Modular forms and arithmetic geometry

Abstract

This article describes results of joint work with Michael Rapoport and Tonghai Yang. First, we construct an modular form \phi(\tau) of weight 3/2 valued in the arithmetic Chow group of the arithmetic surface M attached toa Shimura curve over Q. The q-expansion of this function is an analogue of the Hirzebruch-Zagier generating function for the cohomology classes of curves on a Hilbert modular surface. This`arithmetic theta function' is used to define an `arithmetic theta lift' from modular forms of weight 3/2 to the arithmetic Chow group of M. For integers t_1 and t_2 with t_1t_2 not a square, the (t_1,t_2)-Fourier coefficient of the height pairing <\phi(\tau_1),\phi(\tau_2)> coincides with the (t_1,t_2)-Fourier coefficient of the restriction to the diagonal of the central derivative of a certain Eisenstein series of weight 3/2 and genus 2. Using this fact and results about the doubling integral for forms of weight 3/2, we prove that the arithmetic theta lift of a Hecke eigenform f is nonzero if and only if there is no local obstruction (theta dichotomy) and the standard Hecke L-function L(s,F) of the corresponding newform F of weight 2 has nonvanishing derivative, L'(1,F)\ne0, at the center of symmetry. This is an analogue of a result of Waldspurger according to which the classical Shimura lift of such a form is nonzero if and only if there is no local obstruction and L(1,F)\ne0. Detailed proofs will be given elsewhere.