The sharp Hausdorff measure condition for length of projections

Abstract

In a recent paper, Pertti Mattila asked which gauge functions $\phi$ have the property that for any planar Borel set $A$ with positive Hausdorff measure in gauge $\phi$, the projection of $A$ to almost every line has positive length. We show that integrability near zero of $\phi(r)/(r^2)$, which is known to be sufficient for this property, is also necessary if $\phi$ is regularly varying. Our proof is based on a random construction adapted to the gauge function.