The spatial $Λ$-coalescent

Abstract

This paper extends the notion of the $\la$-coalescent of Pitman (1999) to the spatial setting. The partition elements of the spatial $Λ$-coalescent migrate in a (finite) geographical space and may only coalesce if located at the same site of the space. We characterize the $Λ$-coalescents that come down from infinity, in an analogous way to Schweinsberg (2000). Surprisingly, all spatial coalescents that come down from infinity, also come down from infinity in a uniform way. This enables us to study space-time asymptotics of spatial $Λ$-coalescents on large tori in $d\ge 3$ dimensions. Our results generalize and strengthen those of Greven et al. (2005), who studied the spatial Kingman coalescent in this context.