On the Stability of Analytic Germs under Ultradifferentiable Perturbations

Abstract

Let $ f$ be a real-analytic function germ whose critical locus contains a given real-analytic set $ X $, and let $ Y $ be a germ of closed subset of $ \mathbb{R}^n $ at the origin. We study the stability of $ f $ under perturbations $ u $ that are flat on $ Y $ and that belong to a given Denjoy-Carleman non-quasianalytic class. We obtain a condition ensuring that $ f+u=f\circΦ$ where $ Φ$ is a germ of diffeomorphism whose components belong to a (generally larger) Denjoy-Carleman class. Roughly speaking, this condition involves a Łojasiewicz-type separation property between $ Y $ and the complex zeros of a certain ideal associated with $ f $ and $ X $. The relationship between the Denjoy-Carleman classes of $ u$ and $ Φ$ is controlled precisely by the inequality. This result extends, and simplifies, former work of the author on germs with isolated critical points.