Two Remarks on Marcinkiewicz decompositions by Holomorphic Martingales

Abstract

The real part of $H^\infty(\bT)$ is not dense in $L^\infty_{\tR}(\bT)$. The John-Nirenberg theorem in combination with the Helson-Szegö theorem and the Hunt Muckenhaupt Wheeden theorem has been used to determine whether $f\in L^\infty_{\tR}(\bT)$ can be approximated by $\Re H^\infty(\bT)$ or not: $\dist(f,\Re H^\infty)=0$ if and only if for every $\e>0$ there exists $ł_0>0$ so that for $ł>ł_0$ and any interval $I\sbe \bT$. $$|\{x\in I:|\tilde f-(\tilde f)_I|>ł\}|\le |I|e^{-ł/ \e},$$ where $\tilde f$ denotes the Hilbert transform of $f$. See [G] p. 259. This result is contrasted by the following \begin{theor} Let $f\in L^\infty_{\tR}$ and $\e>0$. Then there is a function $g\in H^\infty(\bT)$ and a set $E\sb \bT$ so that $|\bT\sm E|<\e$ and $$f=\Re g\quad\mbox{ on } E.$$ \end{theor} This theorem is best regarded as a corollary to Men&#39;shov&#39;s correction theorem. For the classical proof of Men&#39;shov&#39;s theorem see [Ba, Ch VI §1-\S4]. Simple proofs of Men&#39;shov&#39;s theorem -- together with significant extensions -- have been obtained by S.V. Khruschev in [Kh] and S.V. Kislyakov in [K1], [K2] and [K3]. In [S] C. Sundberg used $\bar\pa$-techniques (in particular [G, Theorem VIII.1. gave a proof of Theorem 1 that does not mention Men&#39;shov&#39;s theorem. The purpose of this paper is to use a Marcinkiewicz decomposition on Holomorphic Martingales to give another proof of Theorem 1. In this way we avoid uniformly convergent Fourier series as well as $\bar\pa$-techniques.