Co-elementary equivalence, co-elementary maps, and generalized arcs

Abstract

By a {\bf generalized arc\/} we mean a continuum with exactly two non-separating points; an {\bf arc} is a metrizable generalized arc. It is well known that any two arcs are homeomorphic (to the real closed unit interval); we show that any two generalized arcs are co-elementarily equivalent, and that co-elementary images of generalized arcs are generalized arcs. We also show that if $f:X \to Y$ is a function between compact Hausdorff spaces and if $X$ is an arc, then $f$ is a co-elementary map if and only if $Y$ is an arc and $f$ is a monotone continuous surjection.