On the distribution of the length of the second row of a Young diagram under Plancherel measure

Abstract

We investigate the probability distribution of the length of the second row of a Young diagram of size $N$ equipped with Plancherel measure. We obtain an expression for the generating function of the distribution in terms of a derivative of an associated Fredholm determinant, which can then be used to show that as $N\to\infty$ the distribution converges to the Tracy-Widom distribution [TW] for the second largest eigenvalue of a random GUE matrix. This paper is a sequel to [BDJ], where we showed that as $N\to\infty$ the distribution of the length of the first row of a Young diagram, or equivalently, the length of the longest increasing subsequence of a random permutation, converges to the Tracy-Widom distribution [TW] for the largest eigenvalue of a random GUE matrix.