On the classification of conditionally integrable evolution systems in (1+1) dimensions

Abstract

We generalize earlier results of Fokas and Liu and find all locally analytic (1+1)-dimensional evolution equations of order $n$ that admit an $N$-shock type solution with $N\leq n+1$. To this end we develop a refinement of the technique from our earlier work (A. Sergyeyev, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen, 35 (2002), 7653--7660), where we completely characterized all (1+1)-dimensional evolution systems $\bi{u}_t=\bi{F}(x,t,\bi{u},\p\bi{u}/\p x,...,\p^n\bi{u}/\p x^n)$ that are conditionally invariant under a given generalized (Lie--Bäcklund) vector field $\bi{Q}(x,t,\bi{u},\p\bi{u}/\p x,...,\p^k\bi{u}/\p x^k)\p/\p\bi{u}$ under the assumption that the system of ODEs $\bi{Q}=0$ is totally nondegenerate. Every such conditionally invariant evolution system admits a reduction to a system of ODEs in $t$, thus being a nonlinear counterpart to quasi-exactly solvable models in quantum mechanics. Keywords: Exact solutions, nonlinear evolution equations, conditional integrability, generalized symmetries, reduction, generalized conditional symmetries MSC 2000: 35A30, 35G25, 81U15, 35N10, 37K35, 58J70, 58J72, 34A34