pT-fluctuations and multiparticle clusters in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

We investigate the centrality dependence of the pT-correlations in the event-by-event analysis of relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC made recently by the PHENIX and STAR Collaborations. We notice that sigma^2 dynamical scales to a very good accuracy with the inverse number of the produced particles, n. This scaling can be naturally explained by formation of clusters. We discuss the nature of clusters and provide numerical estimates of correlations coming from resonance decays, which are tiny, and a model where particle are emitted from local thermalized sources moving at the same collective velocity. This "lumped cluster" model can explain the data when on the average 6-15 particles are contained in a cluster. We also point out simple relations of the popular correlation measures to the covariance, which arise under the assumptions (well holding at RHIC) that the distributions are sharply peaked in n and that the dynamical compared to statistical fluctuations are small.