Constraints on vector mesons with finite momentum in nuclear matter

Abstract

Using the QCD operator product expansion, we derive the real part of the transverse and longitudinal vector-vector correlation function with the quantum numbers of the rho and omega mesons to leading order in density and three momentum (q^2) for energy $\omega^2 --> -\infty $. The operator product expansion provides, through the Borel transformed energy dispersion relation, a model independent constraint for the momentum dependence of the vector meson spectral density in nuclear matter. Existing model calculations for the dispersion effect of the rho meson, where the vector-meson nucleon scattering amplitude is obtained by resonance saturation in the s-channel, in general violate this constraint. We trace this to an inconsistent choice for the form factor of the $\Delta N\rho$ vertex. With a consistent choice, where both the form factor and the coupling constant are obtained from the Bonn potential, the contribution of the $\Delta$ is substantially reduced and we find good agreement with the constraint equation. We briefly comment on the implications of our result for attempts to interpret the enhancement of low-mass dileptons in heavy-ion collisions.