Nonlinear $δf$ Method for Beam-Beam Simulation

Abstract

We have developed an efficacious algorithm for simulation of the beam-beam interaction in synchrotron colliders based on the nonlinear $δf$ method, where $δf$ is the much smaller deviation of the beam distribution from the slowly evolving main distribution $f_0$. In the presence of damping and quantum fluctuations of synchrotron radiation it has been shown that the slowly evolving part of the distribution function satisfies a Fokker-Planck equation. Its solution has been obtained in terms of a beam envelope function and an amplitude of the distribution, which satisfy a coupled system of ordinary differential equations. A numerical algorithm suited for direct code implementation of the evolving distributions for both $δf$ and $f_0$ has been developed. Explicit expressions for the dynamical weights of macro-particles for $δf$ as well as an expression for the slowly changing $f_0$ have been obtained.