Hidden Vector 'Coordinates' in Particle Physics

Abstract

Heretofore unrecognized (i.e., "hidden") Lorentz-invariant vector observables in the fermion sector (i.e., flavor-defining fermion "coordinates") are shown to indirectly explain most, if not all, of the so-called "accidental" (internal) symmetries associated with fundamental fermions (quarks and leptons), by explaining quark and lepton flavors, flavor doublets and families. Moreover, these new fermion coordinates lead to quantitative constraints on neutrino mixtures that are found to be in good agreement with current experimental observations.