On the classical character of control fields in quantum information processing

Abstract

Control fields in quantum information processing are virtually always, almost by definition, assumed to be classical. In reality, however, when such a field is used to manipulate the quantum state of qubits, the qubits never remain completely unentangled with the field. For quantum information processing this is an undesirable property, as it precludes perfect quantum computing and quantum communication. Here we consider the interaction of atomic qubits with laser fields and quantify atom-field entanglement in various cases of interest. We find that the entanglement decreases with the average number of photons $\bar{n}$ in a laser beam as $E\propto\log_2 \bar{n}/\bar{n}$ for $\bar{n}\to\infty$.