Nonequilibrium steady states on 1-d lattice systems and Goldstone theorem

Abstract

On one-dimensional two-way infinite lattice system, a property of stationary (space-) translationally invariant states with nonvanishing current expectations are investigated. We consider GNS representation with respect to such a state, on which we have a group of space-time translation unitary operators. We show, by applying Goldstone-theorem-like argument,that spectrum of the unitary operators, energy-momentum spectrum with respect to the state, has a singularity at the origin.