A criterion for testing multi-particle NPT entanglement

Abstract

We revisit the criterion of multi-particle entanglement based on the overlaps of a given quantum state $ρ$ with maximally entangled states. For a system of $m$ particles, each with $N$ distinct states, we prove that $ρ$ is $m$-particle negative partial transpose (NPT) entangled, if there exists a maximally entangled state $|{\rm MES}>$, such that $<{\rm MES}|ρ|{\rm MES}>>{1}/{N}$. While this sufficiency condition is weaker than the Peres-Horodecki criterion in all cases, it applies to multi-particle systems, and becomes especially useful when the number of particles ($m$) is large. We also consider the converse of this criterion and illustrate its invalidity with counter examples.