Coherent quantum control of $\Lambda$-atoms through the stochastic limit

Abstract

We investigate, using the stochastic limit method, the coherent quantum control of a 3-level atom in $\Lambda$-configuration interacting with two laser fields. We prove that, in the generic situation, this interaction entangles the two lower energy levels of the atom into a single qubit, i.e. it drives at an exponentially fast rate the atom to a stationary state which is a coherent superposition of the two lower levels. By applying to the atom two laser fields with appropriately chosen intensities, one can create, in principle, any superposition of the two levels. Thus {\it relaxation} is not necessarily synonymous of {\it decoherence}.