Gaussian measures of entanglement versus negativities: the ordering of two-mode Gaussian states

Abstract

In this work we focus on entanglement of two--mode Gaussian states of continuous variable systems. We first review the formalism of Gaussian measures of entanglement, adopting the framework developed in [M. M. Wolf {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 69}, 052320 (2004)], where the Gaussian entanglement of formation was defined. We compute Gaussian measures explicitely for two important families of nonsymmetric two--mode Gaussian states, namely the states of extremal (maximal and minimal) negativities at fixed global and local purities, introduced in [G. Adesso {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92}, 087901 (2004)]. This allows us to compare the {\em orderings} induced on the set of entangled two--mode Gaussian states by the negativities and by the Gaussian entanglement measures. We find that in a certain range of global and local purities (characterizing the covariance matrix of the corresponding extremal states), states of minimum negativity can have more Gaussian entanglement than states of maximum negativity. Thus Gaussian measures and negativities are definitely inequivalent on nonsymmetric two--mode Gaussian states (even when restricted to extremal states), while they are completely equivalent on symmetric states, where moreover the Gaussian entanglement of formation coincides with the true one. However, the inequivalence between these two families of continuous-variable entanglement measures is somehow limited. In fact we show rigorously that, at fixed negativities, the Gaussian entanglement measures are bounded from below, and we provide strong evidence that they are also bounded from above.