Insecurity of Quantum Bit Commitment with Secret Parameters

Abstract

The impossibility proof of unconditionally secure quantum bit commitment is crucially dependent on the assertion that Bob is not allowed to generate probability distributions unknown to Alice. This assertion is actually not meaningful, because Bob can always cheat without being detected. In this paper we prove that, for any concealing protocol involving secret probability distributions, there exists a cheating unitary transformation that is known to Alice. Our result closes a gap in the original impossibility proof.