Time evolution of condensed state of interacting bosons with reduced number fluctuation in a leaky box

Abstract

We study the time evolution of the Bose-Einstein condensate of interacting bosons confined in a leaky box, when its number fluctuation is initially (t=0) suppressed. We take account of quantum fluctuations of all modes, including k = 0. We identify a ``natural coordinate'' b_0 of the interacting bosons, by which many physical properties can be simply described. Using b_0, we successfully define the cosine and sine operators for interacting many bosons. The wavefunction, which we call the ``number state of interacting bosons'' (NSIB), of the ground state that has a definite number N of interacting bosons can be represented simply as a number state of b_0. We evaluate the time evolution of the reduced density operator \rho(t) of the bosons in the box with a finite leakage flux J, in the early time stage for which Jt << N. It is shown that \rho(t) evolves from a single NSIB at t = 0, into a classical mixture of NSIBs of various values of N at t > 0. We define a new state called the ``number-phase squeezed state of interacting bosons'' (NPIB). It is shown that \rho(t) for t>0 can be rewritten as the phase-randomized mixture (PRM) of NPIBs. It is also shown that the off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO) and the order parameter defined by it do not distinguish the NSIB and NPIB. On the other hand, the other order parameter \Psi, defined as the expectation value of the boson operator, has different values among these states. For each element of the PRM of NPIBs, we show that \Psi evolves from zero to a finite value very quickly. Namely, after the leakage of only two or three bosons, each element acquires a full, stable and definite (non-fluctuating) value of \Psi.